Implementation on a nonlinear concrete cracking algorithm in NASTRAN

A computer code for the analysis of reinforced concrete structures was developed using NASTRAN as a basis. Nonlinear iteration procedures were developed for obtaining solutions with a wide variety of loading sequences. A direct access file system was used to save results at each load step to restart within the solution module for further analysis. A multi-nested looping capability was implemented to control the iterations and change the loads. The basis for the analysis is a set of mutli-layer plate elements which allow local definition of materials and cracking properties

The automated multi-stage substructuring system for NASTRAN

The substructuring capability developed for eventual installation in Level 16 is now operational in a test version of NASTRAN. Its features are summarized. These include the user-oriented, Case Control type control language, the automated multi-stage matrix processing, the independent direct access data storage facilities, and the static and normal modes solution capabilities. A complete problem analysis sequence is presented with card-by-card description of the user input

Historical (1750 - 2014) anthropogenic emissions of reactive gases and aerosols from the Community Emission Data System (CEDS)

We present a new data set of annual historical (1750–2014) anthropogenic chemically reactive gases (CO, CH4, NH3, NOX, SO2, NMVOC), carbonaceous aerosols (BC and OC), and CO2 developed with the Community Emissions Database System (CEDS). We improve upon existing inventories with a more consistent and reproducible methodology applied to all emissions species, updated emission factors, and recent estimates through 2014. The data system relies on existing energy consumption data sets and regional and country-specific inventories to produce trends over recent decades. All emissions species are consistently estimated using the same activity data over all time periods. Emissions are provided on an annual basis at the level of country and sector and gridded with monthly seasonality. These estimates are comparable to, but generally slightly higher than, existing global inventories. Emissions over the most recent years are more uncertain, particularly in low- and middle-income regions where country-specific emission inventories are less available. Future work will involve refining and updating these emission estimates, estimating emissions uncertainty, and publication of the system as open source software

Global emissions pathways under different socioeconomic scenarios for use in CMIP6: a dataset of harmonized emissions trajectories through the end of the century

We present a suite of nine scenarios of future emissions trajectories of anthropogenic sources, a key deliverable of the ScenarioMIP experiment within CMIP6. Integrated Assessment Model results for 14 different emissions species and 13 emissions sectors are provided for each scenario with consistent transitions from the historical data used in CMIP6 to future trajectories using automated harmonization before being downscaled to provide higher emission source spatial detail. We find that the scenarios span a wide range of end-of-century radiative forcing values, thus making this set of scenarios ideal for exploring a variety of warming pathways. The set of scenarios are bounded on the low end by a 1.9Wm-2 scenario, ideal for analyzing a world with end-of-century temperatures well below 2°C, and on the high-end by a 8.5Wm-2 scenario, resulting in an increase in warming of nearly 5°C over pre-industrial levels. Between these two extremes, scenarios are provided such that differences between forcing outcomes provide statistically significant regional temperature outcomes to maximize their usefulness for downstream experiments within CMIP6. A wide range of scenario data products are provided for the CMIP6 scientific community including global, regional, and gridded emissions datasets

CEDS Gridded SO2 Emissions v_2021_4_21 with Point Sources 0.5 Degrees

Preliminary release of gridded SO2 emissions from 2000-2019 based on the 2021_04_21 CEDS release with direct inclusion of point sources as time series. This release contains global grids at 0.5 degree resolution

ASTROS enhancement

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CEDS Gridded SO2 Emissions v_2021_4_21 with Point Sources 0.1 Degrees

Preliminary release of gridded SO2 emissions from 2000-2019 based on the 2021_04_21 CEDS release with direct inclusion of point sources as time series. This release contains global grids at 0.1 degree resolution

Historical (1750–2014) anthropogenic emissions of reactive gases and aerosols from the Community Emissions Data System (CEDS)

We present a new data set of annual historical (1750–2014) anthropogenic chemically reactive gases (CO, CH4, NH3, NOx, SO2, NMVOCs), carbonaceous aerosols (black carbon – BC, and organic carbon – OC), and CO2 developed with the Community Emissions Data System (CEDS). We improve upon existing inventories with a more consistent and reproducible methodology applied to all emission species, updated emission factors, and recent estimates through 2014. The data system relies on existing energy consumption data sets and regional and country-specific inventories to produce trends over recent decades. All emission species are consistently estimated using the same activity data over all time periods. Emissions are provided on an annual basis at the level of country and sector and gridded with monthly seasonality. These estimates are comparable to, but generally slightly higher than, existing global inventories. Emissions over the most recent years are more uncertain, particularly in low- and middle-income regions where country-specific emission inventories are less available. Future work will involve refining and updating these emission estimates, estimating emissions' uncertainty, and publication of the system as open-source software

Detection of Borrelia burgdorferi in skin biopsies from patients with morphea by polymerase chain reaction

Aim: We looked for the evidence of Borrelia infection in patients with morphea by serologic means and by polymerase chain reaction (PCR) analysis of skin biopsy samples. Background: The possible relationship between Lyme borreliosis and morphea has been suggested by certain clinical, immunological and microbiological findings, but many authors were hot be able to demonstrate Borrelia burgdorferi infection in patients with morphea and cast doubts on an etiological role for B. bungdorferi in this skin lesion. Patients and methods: Ten patients with morphea, 9 females (range: 8-65 years) and one 44-year-old man were examined. Serological tests for Lyme borreliosis were performed by immunofluorescence assay and flagellin enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. Skin biopsy specimens were taken from the periphery of morphea lesions for histological examination and PCR. Results: Antibodies to B. burgdorferi were detected in 3 patients and B. burgdorferi DNA was demonstrated in 5 patients. Conclusions: The amplification of DNA with PCR analysis seems to open new prospects for the detection of Borrelia genome in tissues. In the present study we were able to demonstrate the presence of B. burgdorferi DNA in patients with morphea, even in seronegative patients. These data confirm that PCR is an interesting tool in skin lesion diagnosis and support the hypothesis of an etiological association between B. burgdorferi infection and some cases of morphea